GREEN CHEMISTRY
Delhi University
Here is the syllabus of Green Chemistry Delhi University
(Credit Cousre of B.Sc. Stream)
Delhi University
02 December 2011 Bsc
(H) Credit Course and Bsc Analytic Chemistry
EL 310 (i) GREEN CHEMISTRY
With the environmental concern and shrinking resources
acquiring enormous proportions, it has become imperative to devise safer
alternative materials and technology that would ensure the human sustenance.
This course intends to take the students through the newer, environment friendly
products and procedures and incite them to take a more holistic view of
different chemical processes.
Unit l Introduction to Green
Chemistry
What is Green Chemistry? Need for Green Chemistry. Goals of
Green Chemistry. Limitations/Obstacles in the pursuit of the goals of Green Chemistry.
Unit II Principles of Green Chemistry
and Designing a Chemical synthesis
Twelve principles of
Green Chemistry with their explanations and examples; Designing a Green Synthesis
using these principles; Prevention of
Waste/byproducts; maximum incorporation of the materials used in the process
into the final products (Atom Economy); prevention/minimization of hazardous/toxic
products; designing safer chemicals
– different basic approaches to
do so; selection of appropriate
auxiliary substances (solvents, separation agents), green solvents, solventless
processes, immobilized solvents and ionic liquids; energy requirements for
reactions - use of microwaves, ultrasonic energy;
selection of starting materials; avoidance of unnecessary derivatization –
careful use of
blocking/protectinggroups; use of catalytic reagents (wherever possible) in
preference to stoichiometric reagents; designing of biodegradable products; prevention
of chemical accidents;
strengthening/development of analytical techniques to prevent and
minimize the generation of hazardous substances in chemical processes.
Unit III Examples of Green
Synthesis/Reactions
1 Green Synthesis of the following compounds:
adipic acid, catechol, BHT, methyl methacrylate, urethane, aromatic amines (4-aminodiphenylamine),
benzyl bromide, acetaldehyde, disodium iminodiacetate (alternative to strecker
synthesis), citral, ibuprofen, paracetamol,
turtural. (furfural)
2
Microwave assisted reactions in water: Hofmann Elimination, Hydrolysis
(of benzyl chloride, benzamide, n-phenyl benzamide, methylbenzoate to benzole
acid), Oxidation (of toluene, alcohols).
Microwave assisted reactions in organic solvents: Esterification, Fries
rearrangement, Orthoester Claisen
Rearrangement, Diels Alder
Reaction, Decarboxylation.
Microwave assisted solid state
reactions: Deacetylation, Deprotection. Saponification of esters, Alkylation of
reactive methylene compounds, reductions,
synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes; anhydrides from dicarboxylic acid;
pyrimidine and pyridine derivatives; 1,2-dihydrotriazine derivatives; benzimidazoles.
3
Ultrasound assisted reactions: Esterification, saponification, substitution
reactions, Alkylations, oxidation, reduction,
coupling reaction, Cannizaro
reaction, Strecker synthesis, Reformatsky reaction.
4
Selective methylation of active methylene group using dimethylcarbonate:
Solid-state polymerization of amorphous polymers using diphenylcarbonate; Use
of “Clayan”, a non-metallic oxidative
reagent for various reactions; Free Radical Bromination; Role of Tellurium in Organic
Syntheses; Biocatalysis in Organic Syntheses.
Unit IV Future Trends in Green Chemistry
Oxidation reagents and catalysts; Biomimetic, multifunctional reagents;
Combinatorial green chemistry;
Proliferation of solventless reactions; oncovalent derivatization; Green chemistry in sustainable development.
Suggested Readings:
1. V.K. Ahluwalia & M.R.
Kidwai: New Trends in Green
Chemistry, Anamalaya Publishers (2005).
2. P.T. Anastes
& J.K. Warmer: Oxford Green
Chemistry- Theory and Practical,
University Press (1998).
3. A.S. Matlack:
Introduction to Green Chemistry, Marcel Deckkar, (2001).
4. M.C. Cann
& M.E. Connely:
Real-World cases in Green Chemistry, American Chemical Society,
Washington (2000).
5. M.A. Ryan & M.
Tinnesand, Introduction to Green
Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Washington (2002).
